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Geoinformatics encompasses the science and technology that deals with the acquisition, storage, management, analysis and visualization of spatial data. Spatial data are identified by their unique location (longitude, latitude, elevation coordinate or an X, Y, Z spatial coordinates) with information or attributes assigned to each location. Spatial data related to earth and allied sciences are of dual nature namely spatial and attribute, therefore Geoinformatics tools and technologies are useful in various applications in this fields. One of the main advantages of digital datasets is that they are easily amenable to computer handling. Once the spatial data is integrated into a computer system, a wide variety of processing and analytical tools can be used to extract relevant information and to build computer models of objects, phenomena and processes on and in the earth. In Geoinformatics, Remote Sensing (RS) plays a vital role in acquisition of spatial data in the form of satellite images. Further, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Database Management Systems offer a powerful environment for managing, analyzing and visualization of the data. Lastly, recent advancement in communication technology affords sharing and dissemination of spatial information. Remote sensing, GIS and Internet Communication Technology have be applied to several areas of research and development in earthsciences namely, natural resource exploration, environmental assessment and monitoring, hazard mapping and risk management and 3-D visualization.
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